Central motion is the motion of a particle under the influence of a central force. I have known for some year that the particle cannot not pass through the origin. Mimicking a proof in my multivariable calculus book, I'll formalize the fact.
Theorem
If r:(a,b)→R3 is twice differentiable, r(t)×r″(t)=→0 for all t and r(t0)×r′(t0)≠→0 for some t0, then r(t) is never →0.
Proof
ddt(r(t)×r′(t))=r′(t)×r′(t)+r(t)×r″(t)=→0Thus r(t)×r′(t)=c for some c. Because r(t0)×r′(t0)≠→0, c≠→0. If r(t1) were →0 for some t1 then c would be →0 so there is no such t1.
I wonder how to generalize this to higher dimensions.
That's actually a pretty weak theorem because if r(t) is ever (0, 0, 0), then the acceleration won't exist in many cases such as r''(t) = 1/r(t)^2.
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