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Sunday, February 1, 2015

Central motion excludes the center

Central motion is the motion of a particle under the influence of a central force. I have known for some year that the particle cannot not pass through the origin. Mimicking a proof in my multivariable calculus book, I'll formalize the fact.

Theorem
If r:(a,b)R3 is twice differentiable, r(t)×r(t)=0 for all t and r(t0)×r(t0)0 for some t0, then r(t) is never 0.

Proof
ddt(r(t)×r(t))=r(t)×r(t)+r(t)×r(t)=0Thus r(t)×r(t)=c for some c. Because r(t0)×r(t0)0, c0. If r(t1) were 0 for some t1 then c would be 0 so there is no such t1.

I wonder how to generalize this to higher dimensions.

1 comment:

  1. That's actually a pretty weak theorem because if r(t) is ever (0, 0, 0), then the acceleration won't exist in many cases such as r''(t) = 1/r(t)^2.

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