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Math Equations

Thursday, June 8, 2017

A proposition of trigonometry, or complex numbers

Prop. If 0,1,z,w all lie on a circle centered at 1/2 then zw is the orthogonal projection of 0 onto the line through z and w.

Proof. If z,w to lie on that circle, then (z12)(¯z12)=14, which simplifies to z¯z=z+¯z2
(w12)(¯w12)=14, which simplifies to w¯w=w+¯w2.
Introducing names z=a+bi,w=c+di these equations turn into a2+b2=a,c2+d2=c.
Two things need to be shown: (1) zw lies on the line through z and w, and (2) zw is perpendicular to zw.

(1) Verify that the following determinant is zero. |1ab1cd1acbdad+bc|=acd+bc2acd+bd2a2dabc+abcb2d+adbc=b(c2+d2)(a2+b2)d+adbc=bcad+adbc=0.
(2) Verify that zw/(zw) is imaginary, or equivalently that zw(¯z¯w) is imaginary. zw(¯z¯w)+¯zw(¯z¯w)=z¯zwzw¯w+z¯z¯w¯zw¯w=z¯z(w+¯w)(z+¯z)w¯w=z+¯z2(w+¯w)(z+¯z)w+¯w2=12(z+¯z)(w+¯w)(11)=0.

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